Nginx的location指令怎么用？

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Syntax: location [ = | ~ | ~* | ^~ ] uri { … }
location @name { … }
Default: —
Context: server, location

根据请求的URL设置处理逻辑

匹配工作会在解码%XX形式的参数后进行，同时也会将“.” 和 “..”依据网址进行转换，同时也会将两个甚至多个斜杠压缩成一个斜杠。

一个location定义可以基于前缀字符串(prefix string), 或者正则表达式(regular expression). 正则表达式又分为两种：“~*”不区分大小写，“~”区分大小写。为了找到最终的location定义，需要遵循以下逻辑：nginx首先检查以前缀字符串方式定义的location, 如果请求的网址被多个前缀字符串匹配，则最长的那个会被选择并记住。接下来正则表达式定义会被检查，检查顺序按照配置的先后顺序。正则表达式的检查，只要找到一个匹配就立刻中止，对应的配置会被使用。如果正则表达式定义没有符合要求的，则使用之前记住的最长的前缀字符串式定义。

Location配置块可以嵌套定义。上述规则的例外情况请见下文：

如果最长的前缀式匹配带有“^~”修饰符，则不会检查正则表达式定义。

使用”=”修饰符来定义完全匹配，如果找到了完全匹配的location定义则规则搜索终止。

比如，请求”/”经常发生，定义“location = /”可以加速此类请求的处理速度，因为找到此规则即可终止搜索。

在nginx0.7.1版本到0.8.41版本，即使前缀location没有”=”或“^~”修饰符，也会直接终止，同时不会检查正则式定义。

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